What are the advantages of a multiple column grid?
The multiple column grid is all about control and establishing a system for arranging content within a given space. Effective grids are flexible like a resilient structure, not rigid. The horizontal and vertical divisions within a modular grid help diminish the possibilities of symmetry within the grid.
How many characters is optimal for a line length? words per line?
Words Per Line: 10-12
Why is the baseline grid used in design?
The baseline grid arranges the bottom (baseline) of each line of text on a vertical grid arranged in even increments progressively to the bottom of the page.
What is a typographic river?
A "river-like" gap that runs between a paragraph of text.
From the readings what does clothesline or flow line mean?
A flow line is the horizontal line within the text.
How can you incorporate white space into your designs?
Creating space around your text, using cutouts, lack of images.
What is type color/texture mean?
Apparent blackness of a block of text resulting from the combined effect of the relative thickness of the strokes of individual characters, their width and point size, and the leading (line spacing) used in setting the text.
What is x-height, how does it effect type color?
Different fonts vary in size and the relation between ascenders and descenders creates solid blocks of copy when compared to other typefaces. the concept of heaviness and lightness in text is referred to as color.
In justification or H&J terms what do the numbers: minimum, optimum, maximum mean?
Justification is the amount of space between each of the words words.
- Minimum: smallest amount of spacing that you can use
- Optimum: just right
- Maximum: largest amount of spacing that you can use
What are some ways to indicate a new paragraph. Are there any rules?
You can indent the paragraph, add a hanging indent, or alter the tracking.
What are some things to look out for when hyphenating text?
Avoid more than two hyphenations in a row, avoid too many hyphenations in any paragraph, avoid stupid hyphenations, never hyphenate a heading, break lines sensibly.
What is a literature?
It is the entire body of writing of a specific language or period.
What does CMYK and RGB mean?
CMYK: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
RGB: Red, Green, Blue.
What does hanging punctuation mean?
Hanging punctuation is the process of typesetting punctuation marks and bullet points so that they do not disrupt the ‘flow’ of a body of text or ‘break’ the alignment margin.
What is the difference between a foot mark and an apostrophe?
An apostrophe ’ is a single closing quotation mark. A foot mark ' denotes the measurement of 12 inches to something, not grammatically correct anywhere else.
What is the difference between an inch mark and a quote mark (smart quote)?
Inch marks are for measurements while quote marks resemble like two apostrophes, but aren't used for measurements.
What is a hyphen, en dash and em dashes, what are the differences and when are they used?
The em- relative measurement, linked to the size of the type the size of the em equals the size of the points of the font. An em character rarely equals the size of an M however it is used to define paragraphs and indents or spacing.
The en- the en is equal to one half of the em dash. It is also a relative measurement. used to denote nested clauses but also means 'to' in phrases like 10-12 and 2001-2008.
The en- the en is equal to one half of the em dash. It is also a relative measurement. used to denote nested clauses but also means 'to' in phrases like 10-12 and 2001-2008.
What are ligatures, why are they used, when are they not used, what are common ligatures?
Ligatures are a single form incorporating two or more letters, parts that touch or overlap for instance fi and fl. This refinement is found in the earliest printed books and continues in more professional quality typefaces. Some typefaces have been able to minimize the letter form problem that makes a ligature necessary. A set of standard ligatures would be- fi fl ff ffl or ffi with the addition of a less common fj. Archaic ligatures exist when consonants are joined such as ct and st. these were common in the 18th century and now are rarely used but to reference something of a historical period. There are also special ligatures in which an extended set of many letters are combined for visual effect. These typefaces are usually based on handwriting or calligraphy and the designer may chose what ligatures to use for a particular reason.
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